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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Uso de nanotubos de carbono (tubos huecos de átomos de carbono), los ingenieros del MIT, químicos han encontrado una manera de concentrar la energía solar, 100 veces más que una célula fotovoltaica regular.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Los nanotubos, podrían formar antenas que captan la luz y enfocar la energía, permitiendo potencialmente mucho más pequeños y más potentes paneles solares.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><a href="http://universitam.com/academicos/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/ANTENASSOLARES.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-6357" title="ANTENASSOLARES" alt="" width="300" height="300" src="http://universitam.com/academicos/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/ANTENASSOLARES-300x300.jpg" /></a></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(230,236,249); MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial" color="#003300" size="4" face="Tahoma">"En lugar de tener su techo toda una célula fotovoltaica, puede tener pequeños puntos que eran pequeñas células fotovoltaicas, con las antenas que conduciría fotones en ellos", dice Michael Strano, Carlos e Hilda Roddey Profesor titular de Ingeniería Química y líder de el equipo de investigación.</font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Strano y sus estudiantes, describen sus nanotubos de carbono, como la antena nueva, o "embudo solar", en la edición en línea 12 de septiembre, de la revista<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></font></font><em><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Nature Materials</font></font></em><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Los autores principales, del artículo son postdoctoral asociado-Hee Han Jae, y el estudiante graduado Geraldine Paulus.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial" color="#003300" size="4" face="Tahoma">Sus nuevas antenas, también puede ser útiles para cualquier otra aplicación, que requiera la luz a concentrarse, como gafas de visión nocturna o telescopios.</font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><img width="400" alt="" src="http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/assets/images/2007/Apr/12-Thu/amplitude.jpg" /></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Los paneles solares generan electricidad, mediante la conversión de fotones (paquetes de energía de la luz), en una corriente eléctrica.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Strano, la antena de nanotubos aumenta el número de fotones que se pueden capturar, y transforma la luz en energía, que puede ser canalizada en una célula solar.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">La antena está formada por una cuerda fibrosa alrededor de 10 micrómetros, (millonésimas de metro) de largo y cuatro micrómetros de espesor, que contiene unos 30 millones de nanotubos de carbono.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Strano, el equipo incorporado, por primera vez, una fibra compuesta por dos capas de los nanotubos con diferentes propiedades eléctricas, en concreto, bandgaps diferentes.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">En cualquier material, los electrones pueden existir en diferentes niveles de energía.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Cuando un fotón incide en la superficie, se excita un electrón a un nivel de energía superior, que es específico para el material.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">La interacción entre el electrón excitado, y el agujero que deja tras de sí ,se llama un excitón, y la diferencia en los niveles de energía entre el agujero, y el electrón se conoce, como la banda prohibida.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
</span></span><span style="TEXT-ALIGN: ; WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; FONT: medium 'Times New Roman'; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; FONT-SIZE: 12px" class="Apple-style-span">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">La capa interna de la antena, contiene nanotubos con una pequeña banda prohibida, y los nanotubos en la capa externa, tiene un gap mayor.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Eso es importante, porque excitones como al flujo de alta, a baja energía.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">En este caso, eso significa que losl excitones, en el flujo de la capa externa de la capa interna, donde pueden existir en un estado de energía menor (pero todavía excitado).</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><img width="200" alt="" src="http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/assets/images/2007/Apr/12-Thu/Engel4.jpg" /></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Por lo tanto, cuando la energía la luz incide en la materia, todos los excitones, fluyen hacia el centro de la fibra, donde se concentran.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Strano, y su equipo aún no han construido un dispositivo fotovoltaico con la antena, ¿pero que piensan?</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Con este dispositivo, la antena se concentraría fotones antes de la célula fotovoltaica, los convierte en una corriente eléctrica.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Esto podría hacerse mediante la construcción de la antena alrededor, de un núcleo de material semiconductor.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">La interfaz entre el semiconductor, y los nanotubos de los separaría el electrón del agujero, con los electrones se recogen, en un electrodo tocando el interior de los semiconductores, y los agujeros recogido en un electrodo tocando los nanotubos.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Este sistema se generaría corriente eléctrica.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(230,236,249); MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">La eficiencia de este una célula solar dependerá, de los materiales utilizados para el electrodo, según los investigadores.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial" color="#003300" size="4" face="Tahoma">Strano, y su equipo, es el primero en construir fibras de nanotubos, en las que pueden controlar las propiedades de capas diferentes, un logro posible, gracias a los recientes avances en la separación de los nanotubos, con diferentes propiedades.</font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Si bien el costo de los nanotubos de carbono, que una vez fue prohibitivo, se ha estado bajando en los últimos años, las empresas químicas al aumentar su capacidad de fabricación.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">"En algún momento en un futuro próximo, los nanotubos de carbono, será probable que se vendan, por unos centavos por libra, como se venden los polímeros, dice Strano.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">"Con este costo, la adición de una célula solar podría ser insignificante, en comparación con la fabricación, y el costo de las materias primas, de la célula misma, así como revestimientos y componentes de polímeros, son parte pequeña del coste de una célula fotovoltaica."</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none" class="artContent" align="justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: small"><font size="4"><font face="Tahoma"><font color="#003300"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">El equipo de Strano, ahora está trabajando en maneras de minimizar la pérdida de energía, como el flujo de excitones a través de la fibra, así como sobre la manera de generar más de un excitón ,por fotón.</font><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Los manojos de nanotubos, se describe en el<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></font></font><em><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">Nature Materials</font></font></em><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><font style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; MARGIN: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: ; OUTLINE-COLOR: ; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; OUTLINE-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> ,</span>de papel pierden alrededor del 13%, de la energía que absorben, pero el equipo está trabajando en nuevas antenas que perdería sólo el 1%.</font></font></font></font></font></span></p>
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<p><font color="#003300">Fotogafias tomadas de la página.</font></p>
<p><font color="#003300"> <font size="2"><font face="Arial">http://www.cienciakanija.com/2007/04/16/revelados-los-secretos-cuanticos-de-la-fotosintesis/</font><font face="Arial">http://www.cienciakanija.com/2007/04/16/revelados-los-secretos-cuanticos-de-la-fotosintesis/</font></font></font><font face="Tahoma"></font></p>
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